恒溫恒濕測試機是如(ru)何工作的 恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕(shi)機(ji)的組成： 恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕(shi)機(ji)由制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，加熱系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，溫度系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)空氣(qi)循環系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，和傳感器系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)等組成，上(shang)述系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)分屬(shu)電氣(qi)和 機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)兩大方(fang)面。下面初步(bu)敘述幾(ji)個恒(heng)溫(wen)恒(heng)濕測試機(ji)的工作(zuo)原理分享，主要系統(tong)的工作原(yuan)理和工作過(guo)程。

    什么是恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕測試機 恒溫恒濕試驗箱是指(zhi)能(neng)同時施加溫(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)應力(li)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)。隨著我國(guo)(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)品研制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)需要，近幾年來，低(di)溫(wen)水(shui)浴我國(guo)(guo) 從國(guo)(guo)外引進了(le)大(da)批試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)系(xi)統(tong)，為我國(guo)(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)和定型發揮了(le)重要作(zuo)用(yong)，但由(you)于(yu)其本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，使得試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)在(zai)運行 中出現了(le)許多問題(ti)，而(er)且(qie)出現了(le)問題(ti)不能(neng)及(ji)時解決，大(da)大(da)延長(chang)了(le)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)周期，影(ying)響了(le)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)。而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)這些現象的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan) 因是對(dui)綜(zong)合試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理不了(le)解。為此，我們對(dui)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理作(zuo)出了(le)一些簡要闡述，并(bing)介紹(shao)如何(he)對(dui)綜(zong)合試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang) 試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)設備的(de)(de)(de)故障進行分(fen)析和判斷。恒溫恒濕(shi)測試機的工(gong)作(zuo)原理分享

  恒溫(wen)恒濕(shi)測試(shi)機工作原理(li)是什么，以及是怎么工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)? 制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統是綜合(he)(he)試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo)，恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕(shi)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方(fang)式都是機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)以及輔助(zhu)液氮(dan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)采用(yong)(yong)蒸汽壓縮(suo)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，它(ta)們(men)主要(yao)由(you)壓縮(suo)機(ji)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器，節流機(ji)構和蒸發器組(zu)成，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水槽(cao)由(you)于(yu)我們(men)試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)要(yao)達到(dao)(dao) -55℃，單級制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)難(nan)以滿足(zu)滿足(zu)要(yao)求，因(yin)此試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)方(fang)式一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)(yong)復疊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)。恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統由(you)兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)組(zu)成， 分(fen)(fen)(fen)別稱為高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)和低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)， 每(mei)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是一(yi)個(ge)相對獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統。 高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發吸收來(lai)自低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng) 劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)而(er)汽化(hua);低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發則從被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻的(de)(de)(de)(de)對象(試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣)吸熱以獲取冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)量(liang)。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)和低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)間 是用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)蒸發冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器聯系(xi)(xi)起來(lai)，它(ta)既是高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器，也是低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器。LY-280B 系(xi)(xi)列試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng) 劑采用(yong)(yong)中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑是采用(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑，箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度能(neng)達到(dao)(dao)-70-150℃. 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱系(xi)(xi)統：恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱系(xi)(xi)統相對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)(xi)統而(er)言(yan)，是比較(jiao)簡單。它(ta)主要(yao)有大(da)功率(lv)電(dian)阻絲組(zu)成，由(you)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de) 升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)速率(lv)較(jiao)大(da)，因(yin)此試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱系(xi)(xi)統功率(lv)都比較(jiao)大(da)，而(er)且在恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)底板也設有加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱器。 控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統是綜合(he)(he)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)，它(ta)決定了恒溫恒濕(shi)箱測試機(ji)的升溫速率，精度等(deng)重要指標。現在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗箱(xiang)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)大都采 用 PID 控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，也有少部分(fen)采用 PID 與模糊控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)組合(he)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式。恒溫振蕩器(qi)由(you)于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統基本上(shang)屬(shu)于軟件(jian)的范疇，而且(qie) 此部分(fen)在(zai)使用過程中，一般不(bu)會出現問題。 溫度系統分(fen)為加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)和除濕(shi)兩個子系統。 試(shi)(shi)驗箱(xiang)的加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)方式一般采用蒸汽(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)法， 即將低壓蒸汽(qi)直接注入試(shi)(shi)驗空間加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)。 這(zhe)種加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)方法加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)能(neng)力，速度快，加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈(ling)敏，尤其在(zai)降溫時(shi)容易實(shi)現強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)。

    試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)式有兩(liang)種(zhong)：機械(xie)制冷(leng)(leng) 除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。機械(xie)制冷(leng)(leng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原理(li)是(shi)將空氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻到露點溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)以下，使大(da)于(yu)(yu)飽和(he)(he)(he)含(han)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)汽凝結析(xi)出(chu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就降 低了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)器(qi)(qi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)利用(yong)氣(qi)泵(beng)將試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)抽出(chu)，并(bing)將干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)注入(ru)，同時將濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空氣(qi)送入(ru)可循環(huan)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)進 行(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)，干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)完(wan)后(hou)又(you)送入(ru)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)內，如此反復循環(huan)進行(xing)(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。現在大(da)部(bu)分(fen)綜合試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱(xiang)采用(yong)前一種(zhong)除(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)式法，后(hou)一種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu) 濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)法，可以使露點溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)到 0℃一下。適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)有特殊(shu)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合，但費用(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)貴。 恒(heng)(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)恒(heng)(heng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)主要是(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)應用(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)鉑電組和(he)(he)(he)熱電偶。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法有兩(liang)種(zhong)： 干(gan)(gan)(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計法和(he)(he)(he)固態電子(zi)式傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)直接測(ce)量(liang)(liang)法。 由于(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)法測(ce)量(liang)(liang)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)不高， 現在的(de)(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)恒(heng)(heng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)正逐(zhu)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)以固態傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi) 代(dai)替干(gan)(gan)(gan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球(qiu)來進行(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)。